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It's important to understand
what legal responsibilities your real estate
salesperson has to you and to other parties in the
transactions. Ask your
salesperson to explain what type of agency relationship
you have with him or
her and with the brokerage company.
- Seller's representative
(also known as a listing agent or seller's
agent). A seller's agent is hired by and represents
the seller. All
fiduciary duties are owed to the seller. The agency
relationship usually is
created by a listing contract.
- Subagent. A subagent owes
the same fiduciary duties to the agent's
principal as the agent does. Subagency usually arises
when a cooperating
sales associate from another brokerage, who is not
representing the buyer as
a buyer's representative or operating in a nonagency
relationship, shows
property to a buyer. In such a case, the subagent
works with the buyer as a
customer but owes fiduciary duties to the listing
broker and the seller.
Although a subagent cannot assist the buyer in any
way that would be
detrimental to the seller, a buyer-customer can expect
to be treated
honestly by the subagent. It is important that subagents
fully explain their
duties to buyers.
- Buyer's representative (also
known as a buyer's agent). A real estate
licensee who is hired by prospective buyers to represent
them in a real
estate transaction. The buyer's rep works in the buyer's
best interest
throughout the transaction and owes fiduciary duties
to the buyer. The buyer
can pay the licensee directly through a negotiated
fee, or the buyer's rep
may be paid by the seller or by a commission split
with the listing broker.
- Disclosed dual agent. Dual
agency is a relationship in which the
brokerage firm represents both the buyer and the seller
in the same real
estate transaction. Dual agency relationships do not
carry with them all of
the traditional fiduciary duties to the clients. Instead,
dual agents owe
limited fiduciary duties. Because of the potential
for conflicts of interest
in a dual-agency relationship, it's vital that all
parties give their
informed consent. In many states, this consent must
be in writing. Disclosed
dual agency, in which both the buyer and the seller
are told that the agent
is representing both of them is legal in most states.
- Designated agent (also called,
among other things, appointed agency).
This is a brokerage practice that allows the managing
broker to designate
which licensees in the brokerage will act as an agent
of the seller and
which will act as an agent of the buyer. Designated
agency avoids the
problem of creating a dual-agency relationship for
licensees at the
brokerage. The designated agents give their clients
full representation,
with all of the attendant fiduciary duties. The broker
still has the
responsibility of supervising both groups of licensees.
- Nonagency relationship (called,
among other things, a transaction broker
or facilitator). Some states permit a real estate
licensee to have a type of
nonagency relationship with a consumer. These relationships
vary
considerably from state to state, both as to the duties
owed to the consumer
and the name used to describe them. Very generally,
the duties owed to the
consumer in a nonagency relationship are less than
the complete, traditional
fiduciary duties of an agency relationship.
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